نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آیت الله بروجری، بروجرد، ایران
2 استادیار، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجری، بروجرد، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is founded on a combination of two principles: Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Wilayat al-Faqih) and separation of powers. This dual structure raises a fundamental question concerning the limits and boundaries of the three branches’ obedience to the Wali al-Faqih: In which areas do the three branches retain independent decision-making authority, and in what matters are they obligated to follow the Leader’s directives? The present article seeks to clarify the legal and political status of such obedience by examining the Ramadan War of 1404 (2025) as a case study. It addresses the following question: What are the foundations, limits, and relationship of the three branches’ obedience to the Wali al-Faqih under wartime conditions, and how was this relationship manifested during the Ramadan War? The study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology and draws on library-based sources, including the Constitution, jurisprudential works, and analytical documents. The central hypothesis is that the three branches’ obedience to the Leader in overarching defense and security matters that extend beyond the ordinary responsibilities of each branch can be understood as strategic coordination rather than administrative subordination, and is therefore compatible with the principle of separation of powers. The findings indicate, first, that during the Ramadan War, the Leader’s role focused on determining the overarching defense strategy and coordinating the armed forces, while each of the three branches operated within the scope of its legally defined powers. Second, the Supreme National Security Council, as a coordinating institution, played a central role in strategic decision-making. Third, the sphere of institutional independence encompasses the specific functions of each branch within the framework of enacted laws, whereas the sphere of obedience to the Leader includes overarching defense and security matters and the general policies of the political system. The study concludes that, under wartime conditions, the theory of Wilayat al-Faqih, through reliance on the Supreme National Security Council as a coordinating institution, is transformed from an abstract concept into an operational framework, provided that such coordination is implemented while respecting the constitutionally defined limits of authority.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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